Elon Musk's monster wakes up as xAI turns on 'Colossus', the Nvidia-powered AI-training supercomputer claiming to be the most powerful in the world

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Musk's AI monster took just three months to build.

Elon Musk steepling his hands and looking sombre.
(Image credit: Bloomberg via Getty Images)

Rome wasn't built in a day, they say. Okay, but it still only took Elon Musk just 122 of 'em to tool up what is claimed to be the most powerful AI training system on the planet. Everyone's favourite billionaire misanthrope doesn't hang about, then.

Musk's new toy, dubbed Colossus and built by his new AI startup, xAI, has been created to train the latest version of the GROK language model, known as GROK-3. It's powered by no fewer than 100,000 Nvidia H100 GPUs.

If that's not enough for you, in an X post Musk says Colossus will double in power "in a few months" thanks to the addition of another 50,000 H200 Nvidia chips, which each pack roughly twice the AI acceleration performance of an H100 GPU.

It's not clear how much this is all costing Musk and xAI. Estimates of pricing for Nvidia's H100 GPUs vary from $20,000 to as much at $90,000 a pop. Presumably, Musk managed to get a comparatively decent deal buying 100,000 of the things in one go.

But even at the lower estimate, you're looking at $2 billion for the Nvidia chips for phase one, let alone building the datacenter, all the relevant infrastructure, staffing up, and doing all the work involved in setting up training for an advanced LLM. Oh, and whatever those other 50,000 H200 are costing on top as a little light frosting.

Indeed, it was only a few weeks ago that xAI launched GROK-2 as an exclusive-access thing for X subscribers. GROK-2 apparently made do with a piffling 15,000 H100 chips for training, the poor deluded little AI dear. And yet by some measures, GROK-2 ranks second and only behind ChatGPT-4o in the LLM league tables. 

So, even the first phase will be six to seven times more powerful than GROK-2, only to supposedly double in power a few months later. Clearly, Musk has his sights set on building the most powerful LLM out there.

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As for when GROK-3 might be unleashed, Musk told conservative polemicist and latterly podcaster Jordan Peterson just last month that he hoped GROK-3 would go live by December.

Incidentally, such a machine doesn't come without collateral consequences. The new cluster, located in Memphis, Tennessee, will chew through 150 megawatts of power and has been allocated up to one million gallons of water a day for cooling.

So, add environmental impact to the roster of reasons to be unnerved by Colossus, alongside wider concerns about the direct impact of AI and Musk's ever-increasing volatility. That's plenty to be getting on with.

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Jeremy Laird
Jeremy Laird
Hardware writer

Jeremy has been writing about technology and PCs since the 90nm Netburst era (Google it!) and enjoys nothing more than a serious dissertation on the finer points of monitor input lag and overshoot followed by a forensic examination of advanced lithography. Or maybe he just likes machines that go “ping!” He also has a thing for tennis and cars.