Fallout co-creator Tim Cain says canon is 'whatever the owner of the IP says it is' but that's okay because 'the best part of interpretation is you can't be wrong'

Male and Female Vault Dweller holding guns and cresting a hill with ruined city in background — (Image credit: Bethesda)

There's a character in Fallout dating back to the original game called Harold. He's a sorry sight, mutated beyond recognition with a sapling growing out of his exposed cranial innards, but how he got that way isn't clear.

Fans have speculated for years as to whether he's a virus-infected mutant, a radiation-poisoned ghoul, both, or neither, and Fallout co-creator Tim Cain has weighed in on the debate with a larger point: any interpretation is right, so long as it's designated as such.

Let's Talk About Canon - YouTube

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He said as much in a video uploaded to his YouTube channel yesterday—the same channel where he routinely shares insights and commentary from his entire body of gamedev work, including everything from the original Fallout to Wildstar and The Outer Worlds. The new video, titled "Let's Talk About Canon," gets into the weeds as to what counts as canon in a narrative and what doesn't.

To summarize, his argument is thus: canon is "whatever the owner of the IP says it is," an individual's interpretation is personal and freeform and therefore "you can't be wrong," and authorial intent is another matter altogether that usually differs from team member to team member, and may even diverge greatly from canon. Each perspective is in conversation with one another, but the lines are clear to see and significant.

Circling back to Harold, Cain said in his video that "Canon is what it is. If the people who own [Fallout] say Harold's a ghoul, he's a ghoul. I still think he's a weird thing that's neither, but you may think he's a mutant. And we can all be right because that's the difference between canon, intent, and interpretation."

These discussions can get particularly fuzzy when talking about long-running game series, especially complex RPGs like Fallout, because a given game may have been worked on by dozens or hundreds of people. Where a short story may be the product of a single author and an editor or two, a big-budget videogame ultimately reflects the gestalt of countless perspectives, and as Cain points out in his video, plenty of narrative games openly contradict themselves for one reason or another.

Cain isn't convinced community sentiment has or should have much authority in determining a given game's canon. "If you're fond of Googling 'Death of the Author,' you might want to Google 'tyranny of the majority,' because I don't really think you want to have canon defined by the majority."

He adds that any online communities trying to enforce a subjective interpretation as inarguably correct are probably in the minority anyway, and that essay Cain referenced, "Death of the Author," is more about extricating authorial intent from criticism and interpretation than about canon in storytelling. In other words, its conclusions don't disagree with his conclusions as shared in the video, but like a lot of critical ideas, it's often misappropriated in forum thread arguments.

Cain ends his video neatly with a good mindset to equip when dodging the drama in online forums: "When I see people argue what's canon, what I instead see is people discussing their interpretation of the game. And if it's my game, I'm quite content with my intent." While Cain's intent has occasionally been out of step with common interpretations, the beauty of critique is that having your own opinion is free and easy.

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Justin first became enamored with PC gaming when World of Warcraft and Neverwinter Nights 2 rewired his brain as a wide-eyed kid. As time has passed, he's amassed a hefty backlog of retro shooters, CRPGs, and janky '90s esoterica. Whether he's extolling the virtues of Shenmue or troubleshooting some fiddly old MMO, it's hard to get his mind off games with more ambition than scruples. When he's not at his keyboard, he's probably birdwatching or daydreaming about a glorious comeback for real-time with pause combat. Any day now...

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